新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间肺癌患者的应对措施

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是近段时间我国面临的重大公卫事件，我国是肺癌大国，为了加强肺癌患者对这一疾病的认识，在疫情期间，使广大肺癌患者做好自身疾病的管理，做好对新型冠状病毒肺炎的预防。本文结合肺癌患者自身特点，对新型冠状病毒肺炎的易感性、鉴别诊断、防护、治疗，以及肺癌患者的随访、抗肿瘤用药、营养、手术等方面进行探讨，并结合两者的关系综合归纳，可以为广大肺癌患者更好地应对疫情提供参考。     

FOLFOX4化疗方案联合免疫治疗在中晚期肝癌中的应用价值(附2例报告)

目的:探讨FOLFOX4化疗方案联合全身免疫治疗在中晚期肝细胞癌中的应用价值及疗效。方法:回顾性分析2例在空军军医大学唐都医院就诊的中晚期肝癌患者资料，给予FOLFOX4全身化疗联合胸腺法新的免疫治疗后患者病情缓解，疾病完全控制。分析FOLFOX4化疗方案在中晚期肝癌中的应用价值，及联合应用时机选择。结果:2例中晚期患者中，其中1例患者合并有双肺转移瘤，全身化疗后7个周期肺转移瘤消失，肿瘤标志物降至正常。另1例患者肝癌破裂根治术后，患者腹腔转移瘤切除术后，给予全身联合治疗，患者2年内病情稳定，肿瘤标志物正常。结论:FOLFOX4化疗方案在中晚期肝癌患者中的效果是肯定的，联合胸腺法新的全身辅助免疫治疗有助于增强全身化疗的疗效，改善患者的总体生存预后。     

Extracellular vesicles transmitted miR-31-5p promotes sorafenib resistance by targeting MLH1 in renal cell carcinoma

Sorafenib provides survival benefits in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but its use is hampered by acquired drug resistance. It is important to fully clarify the molecular mechanisms of sorafenib resistance, which can help to avoid, delay or reverse drug resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate intercellular communication by delivering effector molecules between cells. Here, we studied whether EVs are involved in sorafenib resistance of RCC and its possible molecular mechanisms. Using differential centrifugation, EVs were isolated from established sorafenib-resistant RCC cells (786-0 and ACHN), and EVs derived from sorafenib-resistant cells were uptaken by sensitive parental RCC cells and thus promoted drug resistance. Elevated exogenous miR-31-5p within EVs effectively downregulated MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) expression and thus promoted sorafenib resistance in vitro. Mice experiments also confirmed that miR-31-5p could mediate drug sensitivity in vivo. In addition, low expression of MLH1 was observed in sorafenib-resistant RCC cells and upregulation of MLH1 expression restored the sensitivity of resistant cell lines to sorafenib. Finally, miR-31-5p level in circulating EVs of RCC patients with progressive disease (PD) during sorafenib therapy was higher when compared to that in the pretherapy status. In conclusion, EVs shuttled miR-31-5p can transfer resistance information from sorafenib-resistant cells to sensitive cells by directly targeting MLH1, and thus magnify the drug resistance information to the whole tumor. Furthermore, miR-31-5p and MLH1 could be promising predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets to prevent sorafenib resistance.     

SNPs in the COX-2/PGES/EP signaling pathway are associated with risk of severe capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology - Capecitabine is a widely used 5-fluorouracil oral prodrug. Hand-foot syndrome (HFS), one of the most common adverse events of capecitabine, impacts...     

PERK信号通路介导结肠癌细胞对5-氟尿嘧啶耐药机制的研究

目的:观察PERK蛋白对结肠癌细胞药物敏感性的影响，并进一步探讨其相关作用机制。方法:结肠癌细胞系HCT116分为三组:空白对照（Control）组、下调PERK表达（si-PERK）组、阴性对照（si-NC）组；采用免疫荧光及RT-PCR验证转染效率；利用CCK-8实验检测下调PERK表达后结肠癌细胞对化疗药物5-FU的敏感性变化；Annexin V-FITC凋亡实验检测下调PERK表达对结肠癌细胞凋亡的影响；利用RT-PCR及Western Blot实验检测PERK信号通路中关键分子eIF2α、ATF4、CHOP、XIAP的mRNA及蛋白表达变化。结果:RT-PCR实验表明:与正常对照组相比，si-PERK 组mRNA的表达显著下降（P＜0.05）,免疫荧光提示转染效率达80%以上；CCK-8实验发现与si-NC组相比，5-FU对 si-PERK组细胞的半数抑制浓度（IC50）明显降低（P＜0.01）；Annexin V-FITC凋亡实验发现与si-NC组相比，si-PERK组细胞的凋亡发生率显著升高（P＜0.05）；RT-PCR及Western Blot实验发现与si-NC组相比，si-PERK组细胞中PERK信号通路下游关键分子eIF2α、ATF4、CHOP的mRNA及蛋白表达均明显降低（P＜0.05）。结论:在结肠癌细胞中，抑制PERK表达后，其可能通过下调eIF2α、ATF4、CHOP的表达促进细胞发生凋亡，从而促进细胞对化疗药物5-FU的敏感性。     

circRNA在肝癌中的研究进展

circRNA是一种新的内源性RNA，广泛存在于真核细胞中，参与转录或转录后基因表达调控，大部分属非编码RNA，是近几年RNA领域中的研究热点。circRNA主要通过拮抗miRNA来发挥“海绵作用”进而调控靶基因表达，与多种疾病有着密切联系，特别是在肿瘤中发挥重要作用。近年研究发现，circRNA对肝细胞肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma，HCC）的发生、发展及转移具有重要调控作用。该文就circRNA与肝细胞肝癌关系的研究进展作一阐述。     

黔产红土茯苓药材质量标准初步研究

目的:建立黔产红土茯苓药材的质量标准。方法:对不同产地黔产红土茯苓药材进行性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别;参照《中国药典》2015年版四部通则方法对黔产红土茯苓药材水分、总灰分、浸出物进行测定。结果:薄层色谱斑点清晰,分离好,专属性强,无干扰;初步规定黔产红土茯苓药材水分不得过15.0%,总灰分不得过5.0%,水溶性浸出物含量不得少于8.0%。结论:该方法操作简便、结果可靠,能够为黔产红土茯苓药材质量评价提供一定的参考。     

左上侧切牙Ⅲ型牙内陷牙髓及牙周联合治疗1例

本文报告1例因牙齿根面畸形导致严重根尖病变及牙周破坏的牙周牙髓联合病变的左上侧切牙,瘘道长期不愈,腭侧窄而深牙周袋,严重根尖病变及牙槽骨垂直吸收。通过显微根管治疗、根尖手术、引导牙周组织再生术治疗,实现了控制根尖及牙周感染,达到了保留患牙的目的。